Around here they call those short chunks of stalks "cigars". I think they are related to harvest conditions and the variety of corn.
If you want to check something but I don't think it's your solution, your problem could be that your duct work is partially plugged with trash. The trash comes in thru your cleaning fan and then gets hung up in the duct work above it. The easiest way to look for it is to slide under the combine with a flashlight and look in thru the little holes they have in the bottom of the fan housing. You have to look toward the back about 2 feet away to see the air veins in there. The other way is to drop the fan housing off ( like you would need to do if you filled up the fan with grain) and look at the duct work then.
Around here last fall was a real balancing act with the combine settings......least grain damage, least amount of FM, getting the corn off the cob, and getting most grain in the tank.